Perbedaan Prevalensi Obesitas antara Etnis Jawa, Tionghoa, dan Arab pada Anak Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Surakarta

Abstract

Background:Obesitycauses many health problems in childhoodsuch ascardiovasculardisease, diabetes, musculoskeletaldisorders, cancersthat causemorbidity and mortalityin adulthood. Ethnicity is a risk factor for obesity. Ethnicity affect eating habits, genetic, amount of energy expenditure, fat distribution and tendency of obese in a child. The aim of this study was to analyze prevalence of obesity in Junior High School Children in Surakarta based on ethnic differences (Javanese, Chinese, and Arabian).

Methods:This was a cross-sectional analytic study to 395 students of 8^th grade in SMP Negeri 4 Surakarta, SMP Bintang Laut Surakarta, and SMP Diponegoro Surakarta (junior high school) that consist of Javanese, Chinese, and Arabian. Samples were collected by purposive sampling technique. Inclusion criteriaswere students of 8^thgrade,parentshave thesameethnicity, and signed an informed consent. Exclusion criterias werechildrenwithedema, have achronicillness, taking medicationlong-termandconditions ofhandicapped.The questionnaire was used to know the ethnic of the child. Body mass index was used to define obesity status with Z-score >+2 SD based on World Health Organization in 2007 growth chart. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test.

Results:This research shows 246 (63%) subjects were Javanese, 79 (20%) subjects were Chinese, and 70 (17%) subjects were Arabian. Twenty seven subjects (6.84%) were obese and threehundred andsixty-eight subjects (93.16%) were not obese. Obese prevalence was 4.5 % among Javanese, 8.9 % among Chinese, and 12.9 % among Arabian.It shows a significant differences in the prevalence of obesity among the three ethnics (p=0,036; p < 0.05).

Conclusions:There are significant differences in the prevalence of obesity among Javanese, Chinese, and Arabian Ethnic in junior high school children in Surakarta.

Keywords:ethnicity, obesity, children